Terra (EOS AM-1) is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit around the Earth. It is the flagship of the Earth Observing System (EOS).
The name "Terra" comes from the Latin word for earth. The satellite was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on December 18, 1999 aboard an Atlas IIAS vehicle and began collecting data on February 24, 2000.
Terra carries a payload of five remote sensors designed to monitor the state of Earth's environment and ongoing changes in its climate system:
- ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer)
- CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System)
- MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer)
- MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)
- MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere)
The data collected by Terra will ultimately become a new, 15-year global data set.
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