Moldovan or Moldavian can refer to

• Moldovans (rarely rendered as Moldavians), the ethnic group forming the majority in Moldova. The term is also applied to all citizens of Moldova.
• Moldavian (rarely rendered as Moldovan), related to the region and former principality of Moldavia and its inhabitants.
• Moldovan language (rarely, Moldavian), the official language of Moldova.
• Moldavian (dialect) (speakers of; rarely rendered as Moldovan), a regional dialect ("Moldavian accent", Graiul moldovenesc) of the Romanian language, found primarily within the former principality of Moldavia, now divided between Romania, Ukraine and Moldova.
• Moldovan (surname), a common surname in Romania and Moldova.
• The callsign of Moldavian Airlines, an airline based in Chişinău, Moldova.
• Moldovan, a folk dance from Croatia.

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