State leaders in 1875 - Events of 1876 - State leaders in 1877 - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Mensa Bonsu Kumaa, Asantehene (1874-1883)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
• Ethiopia - Yohannes IV, Emperor of Ethiopia (1871-1889)
• Liberia
  • President -
    1. Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia (1872-1876)
    2. James Spriggs Payne, President of Liberia (1876-1878)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Abu Bakr bin Bello, Sokoto Caliph (1873-1877)
  • Grand Vizier - Abdullah bin Muhammad Fodiye, Sokoto Grand Vizier (c.1874-1886)
• Zanzibar - Barghash ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Zanzibar (1870-1888)
• Zulu - Cetshwayo kaMpande, King of the Zulu (1872-1884)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1868-1879)
• Burma - Mindon Min, King of Burma (1853-1878)
• Cambodia - Norodom, King of Cambodia (1860-1904)
• Champasak - Kham Suk, King of Champasak (1863-1900)
• China - Guāngxù, Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (1875-1908)
• India - Victoria, Empress of India (1876-1901)
• Japan - Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867-1912)
  • Okinawa Domain - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864-1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Luang Phrabang - Unkham, King of Luang Phrabang (1868-1895)
• Nepal - Surendra Bikram Shah Deva, King of Nepal (1847-1881)
• Oman - Turki bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1871-1888)
• Siam - Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King of Siam (1868-1910)
• Vietnam - Tu Duc, Emperor of Vietnam (1847-1883)

Australia and Oceania

• Tonga
  • Monarch - George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1875 – 1893)
  • Prime Minister - Tevita 'Unga, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1876 – 1880)

Europe

• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Prince Adolf Wilhelm Daniel von Auersperg, Minister-President of Austria (1871-1879)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza, Minister-President of Hungary (1875-1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - Jules Malou, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1871-1878, 1884)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863-1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jakob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup, Prime Minister of Denmark (1875-1894)
• France -
  • President - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (1873-1879)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Louis Buffet, President of the Council (1875-1876)
    2. Jules Dufaure, President of the Council (1876)
    3. Jules Simon, President of the Council (1876-1877)
• Germany -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm I, German Emperor (1871-1888)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany (1871-1890)
  • see List of German rulers in 1876
• Greece - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863-1913)
• Papal States - Pope Pius IX, Bishop of Rome (1846-1878)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Marco Minghetti, Prime Minister of Italy (1873-1876)
    2. Agostino Depretis, Prime Minister of Italy (1876-1878)
• Liechtenstein - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1858-1929)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister - Félix de Blochausen, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1874-1885)
• Monaco - Charles III, Prince of Monaco (1856-1889)
• Montenegro - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860-1910/1918/1921)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister - Jan Heemskerk, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers ((1874-1877), (1883-1888)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar II, King of Norway (1872-1905)
• Ottoman Empire -
  1. Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
  2. Murat V, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876)
  3. Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)
• Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
• Romania - Carol I, Prince of Romania (1866-1881/1914)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
• San Marino -
  1. Pietro Tonnini and Giuseppe Giacomini, Captains-General (1875-1876)
  2. Gaetano Belluzzi and Sante Lonfernini, Captains-General (1876)
  3. Settimio Belluzzi and Michele Ceccoli, Captains-General (1876-1877)
• Serbia - Milan II, Prince of Serbia (1868-1882/1889)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XII, King of Spain (1875-1885)
  • Prime Minister - Antonio Cánovas Del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain (1874-1875, 1875-1879, 1879-1881, 1884-1885, 1890-1892, 1895-1897)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872-1907)
  • Prime Minister - Louis Gerhard De Geer, Prime Minister of Sweden (1876-1880)
• Switzerland - Emil Welti, President of Switzerland (1876)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister - Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1868, 1874-1880)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855-1909)
• Egypt - Ismail, Khedive of Egypt (1867-1879)
• Morocco - Hassan I, Sultan of Morocco (1873-1894)
• Oman - Turki ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1871-1888)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch -
    1. Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
    2. Murad V, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876)
    3. Abd-ul-Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Mahmud Nedim Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1875-1876)
    2. Mütercim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1876)
    3. Midhat Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1876-1877)
• Persian Empire - Nasir ed-Din, Shah of Persia (1848-1896)
• Tunis - Muhammad as-Sadiq, Bey of Tunis (1859-1882)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837-1901)
  • Governor General - Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1872-1878)
  • Prime Minister - Alexander Mackenzie, Prime Minister of Canada (1873-1878)
• Costa Rica -
  1. Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, President of Costa Rica (1870–1876)
  2. Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz, President of Costa Rica (1876)
  3. Vicente Herrera Zeledón, President of Costa Rica (1876–1877)
• Dominican Republic -
  1. Ignacio María González, President of the Dominican Republic (1874-1876)
  2. Council of Secretaries of State (1876)
  3. Ulises Francisco Espaillat, President of the Dominican Republic (1876)
  4. Superior Governing Junta (1876)
  5. Ignacio María González, Supreme Chief of the Dominican Republic (1876)
  6. Marcos Antonio Cabral, President of the Provisional Governing Junta of the Dominican Republic (1876)
  7. Buenaventura Báez, Provisional President of the Dominican Republic (1876-1878)
• El Salvador -
  1. Santiago González, President of El Salvador (1871-1876)
  2. Andrés del Valle, President of El Salvador (1876)
  3. Rafael Zaldivar, President of El Salvador (1876-1885)
• Guatemala - Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala (1873-1885)
• Haiti -
  1. Michel Domingue, President of Haiti (1874-1876)
  2. Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, President of Haiti (1876-1879)
• Honduras -
  1. Ponciano Leiva, President of Honduras (1874-1876)
  2. Marcelino Mejía, Provisional President of Honduras (1876)
  3. Crescencio Gómez, Provisional President of Honduras (1876)
  4. José María Medina, Provisional President of Honduras (1876)
  5. Marco Aurelio Soto, Provisional President of Honduras (1876-1877)
• Mexico -
  1. Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, President of Mexico (1872-1876)
  2. Porfirio Diaz, Interim President of Mexico (1876-1877/1880)
• Nicaragua - Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, President of Nicaragua (1875-1879)
• United States - Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States (1869-1877)

Oceania

• Hawaii - Kalākaua, King of Hawaiʻi (1874-1891)
• Niue - Tui-toga, King of Niue (1875-1887)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860-1880)
• Tahiti - Pomare IV, Queen of Tahiti (1827-1877)
• Tonga - George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845-1893)

South America

• Argentina - Nicolás Avellaneda, President of Argentina (1874-1880)
• Bolivia -
  1. Tomás Frías Ametller, President of Bolivia (1874-1876)
  2. Hilarión Daza, Provisional President of Bolivia (1876-1879)
• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)
• Chile -
  1. Federico Errázuriz Zañartu, President of Chile (1871-1876)
  2. Aníbal Pinto, President of Chile (1876-1881)
• Colombia -
  1. Santiago Pérez, President of Colombia (1874-1876)
  2. Aquileo Parra, President of Colombia (1876-1878)
• Ecuador -
  1. Antonio Borrero y Cortázar, President of Ecuador (1875-1876)
  2. Ignacio de Veintemilla, Supreme Chief of Ecuador (1876-1878)
• Paraguay - Juan Bautista Gill, President of Paraguay (1874-1877)
• Peru -
  1. Manuel Pardo, President of Peru (1872-1876)
  2. Mariano Ignacio Prado, President of Peru (1876-1879)
• Uruguay -
  1. Pedro Varela, President of Uruguay (1875-1876)
  2. Lorenzo Latorre, President of Uruguay (1876-1879)
• Venezuela - Antonio Guzmán Blanco, President of Venezuela (1870/1873-1877)