1523 state leaders - Events of 1524 - 1525 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Baguirmi - Birni Besse (1522 - 1536)
• Ethiopia - Dawit II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1508-1540)
• Kongo - Alfonso I, Manikongo (1509 - 1542)
• Sennar - Amara Dunqas (1503 - 1533/4)
• Songhai Empire - Askia Mohammad I, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1493-1528)

Americas

• Inca Empire - Huayna Capac, Inca Emperor (1493-1527)

Asia

• China (Ming Dynasty) - Jiajing, Emperor of China (1521-1567)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Go-Kashiwabara, Emperor of Japan (1500-1526)
  • Shogun (Ashikaga) - Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Shogun of Japan (1521-1546)
• Khiva - Ilbars I, Khan of Khiva (1515-1525)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Jungjong, King of Joseon (1506-1544)
• Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Shin, King of Ryūkyū (1477-1526)

Europe

• Denmark - Frederick I, King of Denmark (1523-1533)
• England - Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547)
• France - Francis I, King of France (1515-1547)
• Holy Roman Empire - Charles V, King of the Romans (1519 - 1556)
• Hungary - Louis II, King of Hungary (1516-1526)
• Lithuania - Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548)
• Muscovy - Vasili III of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow (1505-1533)
• Poland - Zygmunt I the Old, King of Poland (1506-1548)
• Scotland - James V, King of Scotland (1513-1542)
• Spain
  • Aragon - Charles I, King of Aragon (1516 - 1556)
  • Castile
    • Queen - Joanna, Queen of Castile (1504-1555)
    • Regent - Charles I, King of Aragon (1556-1556)
• Sweden - Gustav I Vasa, King of Sweden (1521-1560)
• Venice - Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (1523-1538)

Middle East and North Africa

• Ottoman Empire - Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan (1520 - 1566)