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Itonama language 

Itonama
Spoken in: Bolivia
Total speakers: <5
Language family: Language isolate 
Writing system: Latin alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: sai
ISO 639-3: ito

Itonama is a moribund language isolate of Bolivia.

Contents

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i ɨ u
Mid e ɵ
Low a

Diphthongs: /ai au/.

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop Plain p t k ʔ
Ejective
Voiced b d
Affricate Plain
Ejective tʃʼ
Fricative s h
Nasal m n
Lateral l
Flap ɾ
Semivowel w j

The postalveolar affricates /tʃ tʃʼ/ have alveolar allophones [ts tsʼ]. Variation occurs between speakers, and even within the speech of a single person.

The semivowel /w/ is realized as a bilabial fricative [β] when preceded and followed by identical vowels.

References

  • (Spanish) Crevels, Mily (2002). "Itonama o Sihnipadara, Lengua no clasificada de la Amazonía Boliviana". Estudios de Lingüística 16. 


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