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Barriles 

Conga drums are a common part of Caribbean music across much of the area
Conga drums are a common part of Caribbean music across much of the area

This is a list of membranophones used in the Caribbean music area, including the islands of the Caribbean Sea, as well as the musics of Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Bahamas, and Bermuda. It only includes membranophones that are indigenous to the local music area or are a vital and long-standing part of local culture. It does not include membranophones that are, for example, a part of Western style orchestras, nor does it include trap sets and other common membranophones used in popular music recordings of many genres across the world. Almost all membranophones are drums and percussion instruments.[1][2]

The Hornbostel-Sachs number is given after each instrument.[3]

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Lists of Caribbean instruments
Aerophones - Chordophones - Idiophones - Membranophones


Instrument Tradition Description
agbe See chekere -
agida[4][5]
 Suriname Afro-Surinamese bass drum that sets a steady beat for folk music, played with a stick, of the set with apinti and tumao, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin, used in spiritual ceremonies, where it is associated with snake spirits
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
akete See kété -
alcagüete See alcahuete -
alcahuete[6] [7]
alcagüete		 Dominican Republic One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2-7
amelé See okónkolo -
apinti[4][5]
 Suriname Principal Afro-Surinamese drum of the set with agida and tumao, tenor drum, decorated with carvings, and used for communication by Surinamese slaves and for religious purposes in connection with sky and ancestor spirits, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
arobapá[8] [9]
endóga		 Cuba Drum used in Afro-Cuban Abakuá societies, small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the kuchiyeremá and biapá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-814
assotor[10]
 Haiti Five to six foot tall cylindrical drum with three windows near the base so the drummer (or pair of drummers) can play it easily, decorated with brightly-colored kerchiefs (foulas)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
atabales See palos -
baboula[11][12]
 Grenada Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, smaller partner of the tambou, used in the belair dance
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.1
balaban[13][14]
jumbie drum		 Montserrat Small goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.311
balsié[15]
 Dominican Republic Small double-headed drum, used in merengue only in the south of the country
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
bamboula[16]
 Virgin Islands Played by two drummers, one using two sticks and the other hands and feet, used in dance genre of the same name (bamboula)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
bandu See kbandu -
bari[17][18][19]
 Bonaire and Curaçao Single-headed, made from a wooden barrel, often from the herring industry, with a skin frame, played two-handed
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22
barrel drum[9]
 Cuba Barrel drum variant of a batá drum, often with the system of lacing replaced by nailing the heads to the drum, most common in Matanzas Province
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.222.2-7
barriles[20]
buleador, primo, repicador, subidor		 Puerto Rico Barrel drums, covered with lightly-stretched skins, consists of large buleador drums and smaller subidor drums, used in bomba
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
bas a dé fas, tambou[21]
 Guadeloupe Bass drum, double-headed, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas Byé Fò
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
bas a yon fas, tambou[22][21]
 Guadeloupe Bass barrel drum, one-headed, laced, and played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221-7
bas, tambou di[22][23][24][25]
boula, tambou dibass, tambou dibas, tambou bas		 Martinique and Guadeloupe Small frame drum played with both striking and rubbing, used in indoor music, and quadrilles, ladja and gwo ka, and in the Tamil music of Indo-Caribbean Martinique
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.311
bas, tambou See foulé, tambou -
bas, tambou See bas, tambou di -
bas, tambou See bas a yon fas, tambou -
base, tambou di See bas, tambou di -
bass drum[26]
 Antigua and Barbuda Bass drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
bass drum[27]
 Barbados Double-headed drum that keeps the ground rhythm and is slung across the drummers' shoulder, used in tuk bands
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
bass drum[11]
 Grenada Double-headed bass drum, played with a hard stick in one hand for the lower head, and a soft mallet in the other hand for the upper head, used to accompany quadrilles
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
bass drum[28][29][30][31][32]
repeater (Maroon only)		 Jamaica Double-headed bass drum, carried with a strap and leader of marching bands, played with a covered stick in Nyabinghi ceremonies, used in marching bands, and Rastafarian and Maroon music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
bass tumbadora[33]
true conga		 Cuba Largest barrel-shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22.2
basse[10]
 Haiti Goatskin-headed tambourine, used in secular music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.311
batá drums[34][9]
 Cuba Family of three drums: iyá, itótele and okónkolo, used in Lucumi religious rites, all goblet-shaped and with two goatskin heads called tcha-tchás, sometimes with a nut inside (coco-Africano), both for aural and spiritual reasons
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.26-813
batta[35]
 Guyana Afro-Guyanese bass drum, used in folk music traditions
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
baydum [36]
 Indo-Trinidadian Double-headed bass drum, used in Muslim Hosay (Hosein) rituals, now widespread among Afro-Trinidadians and others
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
bélé[22][37][23][24]
 Martinique Single-headed, open-bottomed conical drum with a hole in the barrel and a goatskin head, stretched by a rope hoop, wrapped in more rope, used in all African-derived Martinican dances and as a symbol of Afro-Martinican identity, including bélé, kalenda, and danmyé, also used to synchronize collective labor in northern Martinique, and is a part of most Martinican rural work songs, uses a plucking string in the northern region
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.251.2-91(+22)
bélé, tambou[38]
 Dominica Single-headed barrel drum, covered at one end by goatskin, stretched with rope and pegs, and played barehanded, accompanies bélé, features a plucked strings across the head
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2-86+22
bélé, tambou See ka -
bemba[36]
bembe		 Trinidad and Tobago Cylindrical drums with double skins, smallest of the set with congo and oumalay drums
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
bembe See bemba -
bench drum See gumbe -
biankomeko[8] [9]
 Cuba Afro-Cuban Abakuá drum ensemble, consisting of four drums: bonkó enchemiyá and enkomo: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá:
biapá[8] [9]
tétendóga		 Cuba Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-814
Big Drum[39] [40]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Carriacou (Grenada) and Saint Kitts and Nevis Music and dance ritual, which includes drums traditionally made of tree trunks, now often of rum kegs:
bigi doon See gaan doon -
biola[9]
 Cuba Unstrung banjo with a drumhead attached
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.321
bomba[41]
 Puerto Rico Barrel-shaped bass drum, used in genre of the same name (bomba)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
bombos[9]
 Cuba European-style bass drum, used in comparsa, a pre-Easter procession
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
boncó See bonkó enchemiyá -
bongo[42][41][33][35] [9][43]
 Cuba, Puerto Rico and across the area, especially Guyana Drums of unequal size played in a pair, of Afro-Cuban origin, held between the knees, originally used in Cuban folk music of various kinds
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1
bonkó enchemiyá[8]
bonko enchemi, bonko, boncó		 Cuba Largest drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the enkomo: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-814
bonko See bonkó enchemiyá -
bonko enchemi See bonkó enchemiyá -
boom See kettle -
boom See kittle -
boom boom See keg -
boula[37][22][21][23][25]
 Guadeloupe Single-headed hand drum, similar to tambou bèlè and played transversally and single-handed, produces lower sounds and the basic rhythms of the music, used in gwo ka, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
boula[12][11][44]
tambou dibas, bulla, bula		 Carriacou Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; narrower and lower-tuned cousin of the kata, used in the Big Drum tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
boula[45][10]
bula		 Haiti Cowskin hand drum, with the head pegged in place around a decorative collar, used in rada along with segon and manman drums
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2-7
boula[36]
 Trinidad and Tobago Double-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies kalenda stick fighting
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.222-92
bula See boula (Carriacou, Haiti) -
bulla See boula (Carriacou) -
buleador[20]
primo, repicador, burlador		 Puerto Rico Larger, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin stretched using pegs, used in bomba
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
burlador See buleador -
cachimbo[46][44]
 Cuba Smallest yuka tubular drum, along with caja and mula
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
caja[46][44]
 Cuba Largest yuka tubular drum, along with cachimbo and mula, played by two people, one striking the bass and the other hitting the body with a pair of sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
cast See playing cast -
chan, tambou[22]
 Guadeloupe Small and high pitched drums, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Sen Jan
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
circular See snare drum (Jamaica) -
conga[37][42][42][47][9][43]
tumbadora, tumba, requinto, quinto, ricardo, niño, supertumba, super quinto, tres golpes, salidor, true conga		 Originally Cuban, now found throughout the Caribbean, especially Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Haiti Tall, narrow and single-headed barrel drum, open at the bottom, played by congueros, traditionally wood, now often fiberglass, animal-skin heads can be tuned; also used in popular genres from salsa to ripsaw
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.1-7
congo See petwo -
congo[36][35]
 Trinidad and Tobago Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with bembe and oumalay drums; since introduced to Guyana
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
congo[15]
 Dominican Republic Cylindrical folk drums
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
conguito[15]
 Dominican Republic Cylindrical folk drums with a low bass tone, smaller version of the congo
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
cot See kata -
cotchíerima See kuchiyeremá -
cut drum See kata -
cutter[36]
 Trinidad and Tobago Single-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies kalenda stick fighting
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221-92
cutter See kata -
débonda, tambou[22][24]
doumbedoum		 Guadeloupe and Martinique Double-headed barrel drum, used in chouval bwa and Carnival music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.222.1
dholak[36][48]
 Indo-Caribbean Double-headed drum, used in chutney
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
dibas, tambou See bas, tambou di -
dibass, tambou See bas, tambou di -
djembe[37]
 Guadeloupe Skin-covered hand drum, goblet-shaped and played bare-handed, used in gwo ka moderne
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.261.2
doumbedoum See dèbonda, tambou -
dup[11]
 Grenada Bass drum made from a cardboard barrel, used in parang
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
ekué[49] [50]
ecue		 Cuba Single-headed three-legged friction drum used in Abakuá ceremonies, played by rubbing a stick over the membrane, which is attached using wedges whose tightness can be modified
Hornbostel-Sachs: 231.13-814
enómo See enkomo -
endóga See arobapá -
enko See enkomo -
enkomo[8] [9]
enko, enómo		 Cuba Small cylindrical, or slightly tapered, goatskin-headed drums of the biankomeko ensemble, consisting of three types: biapá, arobapá, and kuchiyeremá
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-814
foulé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana Large barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko, plays a basic rhythm accompanied by the tambou koupé, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2-92
French drum See hun -
French reel[13][14]
jumbie drum, woowoo		 Montserrat Goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the jumbie dance
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.311
funde[29][30][31][51]
fundeh		 Jamaica Cylindrical drum, one-headed, held between players' legs and performed by tapping with the hand or fingers, originally used in Burru cult rituals, now also common in Nyabinghi ceremonies
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1
funde[35]
 Guyana Afro-Guyanese cylindrical drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21
fundeh See funde -
gaan doon[22]
 French Guiana Large bass drum that leads dances, used by the Alukuó Maroons
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
ganbo[10]
 Haiti Bamboo stomping tubes, sometimes played in groups
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1
gombay See gumbe -
gombey[52][53]
 Bermuda Afro-Bermudan drum, related to the Bahamian goombay, used in the genre of the same name (gombey)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
gonde[45]
 Haiti Cowskin hand drum, played with a hand and a bow, in a set with katabo and tambou manman
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.251.2-7
goombah See gumbe -
goombay[54][47]
 Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Goatskin-headed drum traditionally made from improvised materials (especially discarded barrels), goatskin is tuned by heating it with a candle and attached with nails, used in the Bahamian genre of the same name (goombay)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2-7
goombay See gumbe -
goombey See gumbe -
gragé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana Frame drum, used in Creole dance accompaniment for a dance of the same name (gragé)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.3
groska See gwo ka -
gumbay See gumbe -
gumbe[55][56][32]
gumbay, goombeh, goombah, goombay, gombay, bench drum		 French Guiana and Jamaica Small Maroon-derived goatskin square-framed drum, introduced to Sierra Leone
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.31
gumbay See gumbe -
gwo ka[37][21][23]
also used synonymously with ka		 Guadeloupe Family of hand drums, used in lewoz and other traditions, as well as zouk:
harp[29]
 Jamaica Generic term for drums used in ceremonies called grounations; these include the bass drum, funde and kété:
hun[9]
French drums		 Cuba Family of four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, consisting of hugán, xumpé, hun-hogúlo and huní:
hugán[9]
French drum		 Cuba Largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with xumpé, hun-hogúlo and huní
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22-861
hun-hogúlo[9]
French drum		 Cuba Second-smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, xumpé and huní
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22-861
huní[9]
French drum		 Cuba Smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, xumpé and hun-hogúlo
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22-861
ich, tambou[57]
 Saint Lucia Smaller drum used in Kélé rituals, literally child drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
ikónkolo See okónkolo -
itótele[34] [9]
 Cuba Intermediate-sized batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the iyá and okónkolo; wax-like substance called ida or fardela sometimes used to produce a duller sound
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.26-813
iyá[34] [9]
 Cuba Largest batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with goatskin, along with the itótele and okónkolo; red wax-like substance called ida or fardela is used to produce a duller sound, wrapped with bells and belts (chaguoro or tchaworo)
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.26-813
juba[10]
martinique		 Haiti Shorter and squatter variety of petwo
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-92
jumbie drum See French reel, balaban -
ka[21][23] [24][25]
also used synonymously with gwo ka		 Guadeloupe and Martinique Single-headed drums, used in Carnival, specifically mizik a mas a Kongo, made from a barrel with goatskin heads tighted by cord
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221
ka[57]
 Saint Lucia Barrel drum with a goatskin head, used in various folk forms, including chanté siay, jwé dansé and jwé gém
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221
ka See tambou -
kanmougé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana Open-bottomed and single-headed drum, played transversally and carved from a single fragment of wood, used in Creole dance accompaniment for kanmougé and mayouri dances, played in pairs with the lead called the "female" type and the support the "male"
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1
kata[12][11][44]
cut drum, cutter, cot		 Carriacou Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; wider and higher-tuned cousin of the boula, used in the Big Drum tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
katabo[45]
 Haiti Cowskin hand drum, played with two sticks, in a set with gonde and tambou manman
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.251.2-7
kbandu[58][51][59]
bandu		 Jamaica Large, low-pitched, plays a 4/4 rhythm, covered with a goat skin, used in Kumina ceremonies, where it plays a steady rhythm, and is often used several at a time, open end sometimes banged with sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1+111.231
keg[16]
boom boom		 Virgin Islands Double-headed bass drum, used in masquerades and fife and drum ensembles
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
kété[28][29][30][31]
akete		 Jamaica Small skinny cylindrical drum, improvised, used in Nyabinghi celebrations, played with bare hands, also used in dub poetry
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21
kettle[13]
boom		 Montserrat Goatskin deep-barreled drum, used in Carnival and other celebrations
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221
kettle drum[26]
 Antigua and Barbuda Kettle drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and Christmas music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.11
kettle drum[52][53]
 Bermuda Central use in Bermudan traditions, derived from British kettle drum, especially common in gombey
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.11
kettle drum[16]
 Virgin Islands Snare drum, used in fife and drum ensembles
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.11
Kimbísa drum[9]
 Cuba Tall drum with goatskin head, held in place by cords, wedges and hoops, used in the Kimbísa culture
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211-864
kinfuiti[43]
 Cuba Friction drum, single-headed, with a stick inserted and rubbed to produce the sound, used in the Kimbisa tradition
Hornbostel-Sachs: 231.12
kittle[35]
boom		 Guyana Kettle drum, used in masquerades
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.11
koupé, tambou[22]
 French Guiana Small barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and kaseko, used to improvise for dancing while the tambou foulé plays a basic rhythm, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2-92
kromanti[30]
 Jamaica Cylindrical drum, used by the Maroons of Moore Town
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21
kuchiyeremá[8] [9]
cotchíerima		 Cuba Small enkomo drum of the biankomeko ensemble, along with the arobapá and biapá, and the taller bonkó enchemiyá
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-814
lapo kabwit[38]
 Dominica Any kind of Dominican or Grenadan folk drum:
lélé, tambou[38]
 Dominica Cylindrical drum, small and wooden with goatskin at one end, strapped across the shoulder and played with two sticks, used in chanté mas
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
loango[10]
loangue		 Haiti Taller and narrower variety of petwo
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-92
loangue See loango -
maké See markeur -
makuta See yuka -
makyé See markeur -
manman, tambou[57]
 Saint Lucia Larger drum used in Kélé rituals, literally mother drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
mamnan, tambou[45][10]
 Haiti Hand drum with a cowhide head, pegged in place and with a decorated collar, used in many Afro-Haitian musics, used in rada, petwo and other folk traditions
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.251.2-7
marassas[10]
 Haiti Cylindrical drum that comes in pairs, traditionally made from wood or a two-gallon container with both top and bottom removed and replaced with heads, played with fingers
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
markeur[37][22][21][23][25]
makyé, marqueur, maké		 Guadeloupe Single-headed hand drum, small, high-pitched, played upright and one-handed, and held between the legs, interacts with dancers by responding to movement and improvises with the boula drum, used in gwo ka, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.2
marqueur See markeur -
martinique See juba -
matrimonial See wacharaca -
mongó[7]
 Dominican Republic Small rural folk handheld frame drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.3
moyen See segon -
mula[46][44]
 Cuba Intermediate-sized yuka tubular drum, along with caja and cachimbo
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
ngoma See yuka -
niño[33]
 Cuba Smallest drum of the conga family
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
Nyabinghi See kété -
okónkolo[34][9]
ikónkolo, amelé		 Cuba Smallest batá goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the itótele and iyá
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.26-813
oumalay[36]
 Trinidad and Tobago Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with bembe and congo drums
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.2
omele See oumalay -
pailas[60]
 Dominican Republic Kettledrum, played in pairs, made from containers used to boil sugarcane juice, with tension lugs to adjust the tightness of the single-head, closed bottom
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.12
palo auxiliar[6][7]
 Dominican Republic One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2-7
palo major[15][7]
 Dominican Republic Larger folk long drum made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2-7
palo menor[15][7]
 Dominican Republic Smaller folk long drum made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called palos, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2-7
palos[6][7]
atabale		 Dominican Republic Ensembles that include a number of drums, include the types of palo and alcahuete, used in the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with skin heads either pegged or tacked
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2-7
pandereta[33]
pandero		 Puerto Rico Handheld frame drum, used in plena
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.3
pandero See pandereta -
panderos[15] [7]
 Dominican Republic Small rural folk handheld frame drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.3
Pétro See petwo -
petwo[61][10]
congo, Pétro		 Haiti Cylindrical drum headed with cowskin, attached with cords, comes in two varieties: loango and juba
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.21-92
pikin doon[22]
 French Guiana Medium-sized drum that supports dancers, played in pairs, with one played solo, and both played bare-handed, used among the Alukuó Maroons
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
playing cast[58][51][59]
playin kya, cast		 Jamaica Small, high-pitched, plays complex, syncopated rhythms, covered with a goat skin, used in Kumina, open end sometimes struck with sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1+111.231
playin kya See playing cast -
podya[4]
 Suriname Small, skin-covered bass drum, common among the rural Afro-Surinamese
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
prenting See kromanti -
primo See subidor -
pump[27]
 Barbados Long drum, made from a hollow tree trunk with goat or sheep skin on either end
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
pump[18]
 St Maarten Goatskin frame drum, sometimes played in pairs or larger groups, usually using both hands
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.31
quinto[33] [9]
 Cuba Smallest barrel-shaped hand drum, made out of a box with two sloping sides, of the tumbadora family, plays the most intricate rhythms of the group, not always characterized as a tumbadora or conga drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221
rada[61]
 Haiti Drum headed with cowskin, attached with wooden pegs
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
ralé[45]
 Haiti Goatskin drum, used alongside tambou manman, used in petwo and YaYa TiKongo rhythms
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
rattle See snare drum (Jamaica) -
repeater See bass drum (Jamaica), snare drum (Jamaica) -
repeater See kété -
repeater[51]
 Jamaica Used in the Burru rituals, now imported to Rastafarian music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
repicador See subidor -
requinto drum[62]
 Puerto Rico Small conical hand drum, improvises over the other drum rhythms, used in plena
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.25
ricardo See conga -
ripsaw drum[47]
 Turks and Caicos and Bahamas (Cat Island only) Goat- or cow-skin drum, heated to produce a pitch
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
round See snare drum (Jamaica) -
Saba drum[18]
 Saba Made from kegs or barrels, and attached to a skin frame secured by wood, rope and pegs
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22
salidor See conga -
scratch band barrel drum[16]
 Virgin Islands Double-headed barrel drum, used in scratch bands
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.222
second See segon -
segon[45][10]
 Haiti Cowskin hand drum with artistic collars, used in rada along with boula and manman drums
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211-7
segundo See conga -
side drum See snare drum -
skratji[63][64]
 Suriname Large Afro-Surinamese bass drum with a cymbal on top, used in kaseko
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
snare drum[52][53]
 Bermuda Central use in Bermudan traditions, generally played in pairs, used in gombey
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
snare drum[27]
kettle		 Barbados Doubled headed side snare drum, used in tuk bands
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
snare drum[9]
 Cuba Snare drum used in comparsa pre-Easter celebrations
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
snare drum[28][30][32]
side drum, Maroon only: repeater, rattle, round, circular		 Jamaica Snare drum played with wooden sticks, carried with a strap, used in marching bands and Maroon music
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
snare drum[64]
 Suriname Snare drum, used in kaseko
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
stave drum[9]
 Cuba Drum with straight but sloping sides, closest to being a classic goblet drum, variation on a batá drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.261.2-813
subidor[65][20]
primo, repicador		 Puerto Rico Smaller, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin, used in bomba
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22
super quinto See conga -
supertumba See conga -
tambora[18][66][15][6]
 Dominican Republic originally, now also common on St Maarten Double-headed barrel drum of African origin, played with a stick on one head and a bare hand on the other
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.222
tambou[11]
 Grenada Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, larger partner of the baboula, accompanies the belair dance
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221.1
tambou[23][45]
tanbou		 Haiti, Martinique and Guadeloupe Generic term for drums:
tambour[67]
 Puerto Rico Long drum, made from a hollowed-out tree trunk and topped with animal skin
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
tambourine[10]
 Haiti Miniature version of the tymbale, beaten with two sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 212.211
tambú[68][18]
tambu		 Curaçao Long drum, made from a hollow log, used in tambú
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
tanbou See tambou -
tassa[36]
 Indo-Trinidadian, now commonplace Kettle drum with a goatskin head, used in the Muslim Hosay (Hosein) ritual
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.11
tenbal, tambou[57]
 Saint Lucia Snare drum, used in cockfights, séwinal, merry-go-rounds, other celebrations
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
tenor drum[28]
 Jamaica Carried with a strap, used in marching bands
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
tétendóga See biapá -
timbales See tymbales -
tom[25]
 Guadeloupe Cylindrical drum like the tom-tom drum, [played with sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
tombas[25]
 Guadeloupe Bass drum, played with sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
toombah[26]
tumtum		 Antigua and Barbuda Small drum, decorated with shells and tin
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
tres golpes See conga -
tres por dos[33]
 Cuba Medium-sized barrel-shaped hand drum of the tumbadora family
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22
true conga See bass tumbadora -
tumba[33] [9]
 Cuba Largest variety of the conga family, stave drum with a cowskin head
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.221-7
tumbadora[33]
bass tumbadora, true conga, tres por dos, quinto		 Cuba Cuban conga drum, barrel-shaped hand drum
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22.2
tumao[4] [5]
 Suriname Intermediate drum of the set, with agida and apinti, played with one hand, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
tumtum See toombah -
tumtum[27]
 Barbados Hollowed-out tree trunk with skins at either end
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.212.1
tun[22]
 French Guiana Small drum, used among the Alukuó Maroons
Hornbostel-Sachs: 2
twavay, tambou[38]
 Dominica Small barrel frame drum, headed with goatskin; a cord with an attached bead is placed on the drumskin to add a buzzing quality to the sound, used to accompany work songs
Hornbostel-Sachs: 22
tymbale[10]
 Haiti Large two-headed hooped drum, carried with a strap and sometimes with an attached board called an assot
Hornbostel-Sachs: 212.212.1
tymbales[9]
timbales		 Cuba European-derived open-bottomed twin drum, played using sticks
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.1
uyó[9]
 Cuba Abakua friction drum, details of construction are kept secret
Hornbostel-Sachs: 23
woowoo See French reel -
xumpé[9]
French drum		 Cuba Second-largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban Arada ceremonies, along with hugán, hun-hogúlo and huní
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.22-861
yuka[46][44]
makuta, ngoma, tambor de yuka		 Cuba Class of three folk tubular drums: caja, mula, and cachimbo
Hornbostel-Sachs: 211.211.2
zesse[10]
 Haiti Cylindrical drum used in the dance of the same name, has a wire stretched across the single goatskin head
Hornbostel-Sachs: 22

References

  • Manuel, Peter (1988). Popular Musics of the Non-Western World: An Introductory Survey. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195063341. 
  • Koskoff, Ellen (2001). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 3: The United States and Canada. New York and London: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0824060407. 

Notes

  1. ^ Catherine Schmidt-Jones. Classifying Musical Instruments: Membranophones. Connexions. Retrieved on January 22, 2007.
  2. ^