The Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians was established in October 1917. It united the Armenian National Councils all around the Russian Empire.

It was based in Yerevan. The Council worked like a provisional government, with ministries of military, refugees, health and education. Its decisions are accepted as the Armenian decisions; given the conditions it was the best "plenipotentiary" representative parlementery system of the eastern Armenians. It was a member of the United Transcaucasus Committee. It had the power to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire and the Central Powers.

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