See also: 1915 in Canada, other events of 1916, 1917 in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.
Events
- January 28 - Women are given the right to vote in Manitoba, after protests by people such as Nellie McClung
- February 3 - The Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa burns down
- February 10 - An anti-German riot hits Calgary
- March 14 - Saskatchewan women get the vote
- April 6-April 19 - World War I: The Battle of Messines is fought, the Canadian forces are forced to retreat by the intensive German onslaught
- April 19 - Alberta women get the vote
- June - Rodeo's first side-delivery chute is designed and made by the Bascom brothers on their Bar-B-3 Ranch at Welling, Alberta.
- June 1-June 13 - WWI: Canadians fight in the Battle of Mont Sorrel
- July 1 - Prohibition on alcohol in introduced in Alberta
- July 24 - Earl Bascom enters his first steer riding contest at Welling, Alberta and later becomes an international celebrity in the rodeo and fine art worlds. He is known as the first rodeo cowboy to become a professional cowboy artist and sculptor and the first cowboy artist to be honored as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts of London, England.
- July 29 The Matheson Fire in the region northwest of North Bay begins. It eventually takes the lives of between 200 and 250 people and destroys six towns, including Matheson and Cochrane
- October 20 - William M. Martin becomes premier of Saskatchewan, replacing Walter Scott
- November 23 - Harlan Brewster becomes premier of British Columbia, replacing William John Bowser
- Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire becomes Governor General of Canada replacing Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
- The National Research Council of Canada is established.
- The first Doukhobors arrive in Alberta
- 25,000 Canadians and Newfoundlanders are killed at the Battle of the Somme
- The Montreal Canadiens beat the Portland Rosebuds of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association to win their first Stanley Cup
Arts and literature
- New works
Births
- February 4 - Pudlo Pudlat, artist
- February 10 - Claude Bissell, author
- February 14 - Jean Drapeau, mayor of Montreal
- March 10 - E. Davie Fulton, politician
- April 18 - Ian Grant Wahn, politician
- April 27 - Myfanwy Pavelic, artist
- May 3 - Léopold Simoneau, tenor
- May 4 - Jane Jacobs, urbanist
- June 20 - Jean-Jacques Bertrand, Premier of Quebec
- July 16 - John Gallagher, industrialist
- August 1 - Anne Hébert, author
- November 8 - June Havoc, actor
- November 23 - P.K. Page, author
- December 7 - Margaret Carse, dancer
- December 16 - Harry Gunning, scientist
- December 23 - Ruth Dawson, Artist
Deaths
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