See also: 1908 in Canada, other events of 1909, 1910 in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.

Events

• January 11 - The Boundary Waters Treaty signed
• February 23 - The first powered flight in Canada is made by John McCurdy aboard the Silver Dart
• March 22 - 1909 Alberta election: Alexander Rutherford's Liberals win a second consecutive majority
• April 6 - Robert Peary claims to have reached the North Pole
• August - the CPR's Spiral Tunnels are opened in B.C.'s Kicking Horse Valley
• December 4 - The University of Toronto wins the first Grey Cup
• The novel Anne of Green Gables by L. M. Montgomery is first published, having a large impact specifically on Prince Edward Island.
• University of Toronto Schools opens as an all boys school

Births

• February 14 - Abraham Klein, poet
• March 19 - John Fauquier, war hero
• March 20 - Jack Bush, artist
• March 22 - Gabrielle Roy, author
• April 6 - George I. Smith, Premier of Nova Scotia
• May 8 - Samuel Boulanger, politician
• June 23 - David Lewis, politician
• August 18 - Gérard Filion, publisher
• September 12 - Donald MacDonald, labour leader
• October 12 - Dorothy Livesay, poet
• October 18 - Robert Beatty, actor
• October 24 - Sheila Watson, author
• November 3 - Russell Paulley, Manitoba politician
• Art Alexandre, NHL player

Deaths

• May 12 - Michel Auger, politician
• October 27 - James William Bain, politician