See also: 1869 in Canada, other events of 1870, 1871 in Canada and the list of 'years in Canada'.

Events

• March 3: Thomas Scott is executed by Louis Riel's provisional government
• April 25: The Red River Rebellion ends as Louis Riel flees to the United States
• May 12: The Manitoba Act is passed in Parliament
• May 25–June 7: The Fenians launch their final attack against Canada. Like the others it is unsuccessful
• July 15: The Hudson's Bay Company's lands are officially transferred to Canada, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established
• September 16: Alfred Boyd becomes the first premier of Manitoba
• First Dominion of Canada banknote introduced
• At the Battle of Oldman River between the Cree and the Blood tribe 340 are killed
• George E. King becomes premier of New Brunswick, replacing Andrew Wetmore

Births

• May 14: Richard Langton Baker, politician
• May 21: Leonard P. D. Tilley, Premier of New Brunswick
• June 18: Howard Ferguson, Premier of Ontario
• July 3: R.B. Bennett, Prime Minister
• July 28: Aubin-Edmond Arsenault, Premier of PEI
• July 29: George Dixon, boxer
• September 7: James Tompkins, educator
• October 16: Wallace Turnbull, engineer
• November 10: Harlan Carey Brewster, Premier of British Columbia
• December 16: Richard McBride, Premier of British Columbia
• Thomas Langton Church, politician

Deaths