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The year 1609 in literature involved some significant events.

Events

• On January 1, the Children of the Blackfriars perform Middleton's A Trick to Catch the Old One at Court.
• On July 28, the Sea Venture is wrecked in Bermuda - thought to be the inspiration for Shakespeare's The Tempest.
• William Ames delivers a controversial sermon on St Thomas's Day.
• Samuel Daniel completes the eighth and last book of his epic poem, Civil Wars.
• Jacques Auguste de Thou's Historia sui temporis is placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.
• The Sala Fredericiana, the first reading room of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, opens to the public.
• Francis Tregian the Younger is imprisoned for his Catholic sympathies, and begins copying out the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book.

New books

• Douai Bible
• Edward Grimeston - A General History of the Netherlands
• Hugo Grotius - Mare liberum
• Thomas Middleton
  • Sir Robert Sherley his Entertainment in Cracovia (translation)
  • The Two Gates of Salvation
• Thomas Dekker - Four Birds of Noah's Ark and The Gull's Hornbook
• Thomas Rowlands - A Whole Crew of Kind Gossips
• William Rowley - A Search for Money

New drama

• Anonymous - Every Woman in Her Humour (published)
• Robert Armin - The Italian Tailor and his Boy (published)
• Fulke Greville - Mustapha (published)
• Ben Jonson (and collaborators?) - The Case is Altered (published)
• William Shakespeare - Pericles, Prince of Tyre and Troilus and Cressida (published)

New poetry

• Alonso Jerónimo de Salas Barbadillo - La Patrona de Madrid restituida
• William Shakespeare - The Sonnets and A Lover's Complaint

Births

• February 10 - Sir John Suckling, poet (died 1642)
• February 18 - Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, historian (died 1674)
• August 19 - Jean Rotrou, dramatist (died 1650)
• October 5 - Paul Fleming, poet (died 1640)
• December 24 - Philip Warwick, politician and memoirist (died 1683)
• date unknown - Gerrard Winstanley, political writer (died 1676)
• probable - Gauthier de Costes, seigneur de la Calprenède, novelist and dramatist (died 1663)

Deaths

• January 21 - Joseph Justus Scaliger, French Protestant writer (born 1540)
• March 9 - William Warner, poet (born c1558)
• August 22 - Judah Loew ben Bezalel, Jewish mystic and philosopher (born 1525)
• October 19 - Jacobus Arminius, theologian (born 1560)
• December 4 - Alexander Hume, poet (born c1560)
• December - Barnabe Barnes, poet (born c1568)
• probable - Mateo Alemán, Spanish novelist and man of letters (born 1547)