Years: 1278 1279 1280 - 1281 - 1282 1283 1284

Decades: 1250s 1260s 1270s - 1280s - 1290s 1300s 1310s

Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century

1281 by topic

Politics

State leaders - Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments v • d • e

Art and literature

1281 in poetry v • d • e

1281 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1281 MCCLXXXI
Ab urbe condita	2034
Armenian calendar	730 ԹՎ ՉԼ
Bahá'í calendar	-563 – -562
Berber calendar	2231
Buddhist calendar	1825
Burmese calendar	643
Byzantine calendar	6789 – 6790
Chinese calendar	庚辰年十二月初九日 (3917/3977-12-9) — to — 辛巳年十一月十九日 (3918/3978-11-19)
Coptic calendar	997 – 998
Ethiopian calendar	1273 – 1274
Hebrew calendar	5041 – 5042
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1336 – 1337
- Shaka Samvat	1203 – 1204
- Kali Yuga	4382 – 4383
Holocene calendar	11281
Iranian calendar	659 – 660
Islamic calendar	679 – 680
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3614
Thai solar calendar	1824
v • d • e

Contents 1 Events 1.1 Europe 1.2 Middle East 1.3 Asia 2 Births 3 Deaths

Events

Europe

• Pope Martin IV succeeds Pope Nicholas III as the 189th pope.
• Pope Martin IV authorizes a Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.

Middle East

• October 29 - Second Battle of Homs: Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan.
• Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.
• An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily 10 years earlier.

Asia

• August 12 - Battle of Kōan (Hakata Bay): The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind — destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
• Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Dao Zheng (Taoist Canon) from 4,565 to 1,120.
• The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun (in present-day Thailand) is captured by King Mengrai's Lannathai kingdom.

Births

• Richard De Bury, English statesman (d. 1345)
• Castruccio Castracani, duke of Lucca (d. 1328)
• Yuri III Danilovich, Grand Prince of Russia (d. 1325)
• Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (d. 1345)
• Hamdollah Mostowfi, Ilkhanid Iranian historian (d. 1349)
• Rudolph I of Bohemia (d. 1307)

Deaths

• Ertuğrul, father of Osman I (b. 1198)
• Traidenis, Grand Prince of Lithuania