June 15 - King John of England is forced to put his seal on the Magna Carta, outlining the rights of landowning men (nobles and knights) and restricting the king's power.
November 11 - The Fourth Lateran Council meets, adopting the doctrine of transubstantiation, meaning that the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ. It forbids priests' participation in ordeal trials. It forbids Jews to hold public office and restricts their financial activities.